Struktur File System

FAT16 is a file system that uses the allocation unit that has a limit of up to 16-bit, so it can store up to 216 units of allocation (65536 pieces). This file system has a capacity limit of up to 4 Gigabyte sizes only. Allocation unit size used by the FAT16 partition depends on the capacity that was about to be formatted

The first sector in the reserved region is the boot sector. Though this sector is typical 512 bytes in can be longer depending on the media. The boot sector typical start with a 3 byte jump instruction to where the bootstrap code is stored, followed by an 8 byte long string set by the creating operating system. This is followed by the BIOS Parameter Block, and then by an Extended BIOS Parameter Block. Finally the boot sector contain boot code and a signatur 

FAT32 This is the 32-bit version of the FAT file system. The 32-bit part describes the way units are allocated on the drive. The FAT32 file system uses a 32-bit number to identify each allocation unit (called cluster), and this gives it a total of 4.294.967.296 clusters. The size of each cluster is defined in the boot sector of the volume (volume = partition).

NTFS or New Technology File System1, is a file system in the flyer that came by the Microsoft Windows NT operating system family, which consists of Windows NT 3.x (NT 3.1, NT 3.50, NT 3.51), Windows NT 4.x (NT 4.0 with all his service pack), Windows NT 5.x (Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003), and Windows NT 6.x (Windows Vista, Windows 7).
NTFS file system has a simple design but have a greater ability than the FAT file system family. NTFS offers several features that are required in a distributed environment, such as setting access (access control) anyone who has access to a file or directory, setting a quota of how much each user can use the hard disk capacity, features encryption, as well as fault tolerance (fault tolerance). Standard features of a file system, such as hashing directory, directory caching, the use of directory attributes, and of course the file attributes has been owned by NTFS. In fact, Microsoft has added capabilities to the NTFS great to have a high-performance, higher than the previous kind of file system HPFS or FAT, particularly on the size of a large volume, but also retaining the ease of operation. One of the advantages compared with the NTFS file system is that NTFS is extensible (can be expanded) by adding a new function within the operating system, without having to overhaul the overall design (renovation may be done, but not significantly).

NTFS includes several system files, all of which are hidden from view on the NTFS volume. A system file is one used by the file system to store its metadata and to implement the file system. System files are placed on the volume by the Format utility.

Ext2

• Ext2 stands for second extended file system.
• It was introduced in 1993. Developed by Rémy Card.
• This was developed to overcome the limitation of the original ext file system.
• Ext2 does not have journaling feature.
• On flash drives, usb drives, ext2 is recommended, as it doesn’t need to do the over head of journaling.
• Maximum individual file size can be from 16 GB to 2 TB
• Overall ext2 file system size can be from 2 TB to 32 TB

EXT2 is a powerful file system in linux. EXT2 is also one of the most powerful file system and the foundation of all linux distributions. In the EXT2 file system, file data is stored as data blocks. This block of data has the same length, and although the length varies between EXT2 file system, a large block is determined when the file system is created with the command mk2fs. If a large block is 1024 bytes, then a large file with 1025 bytes will be wearing two blocks. This means that we throw away a half a block per file.

EXT2 defines the file system topology by providing the sense that every file on the system diasosiasiakan the inode data structure. A shows the block where the inode in a file on every file access rights, file modification time, and file type. Each file in the EXT2 file system consists of a single inode and each inode has

 

 Ext3

• Ext3 stands for third extended file system.
• It was introduced in 2001. Developed by Stephen Tweedie.
• Starting from Linux Kernel 2.4.15 ext3 was available.
• The main benefit of ext3 is that it allows journaling.
• Journaling has a dedicated area in the file system, where all the changes are tracked. When the system crashes, the possibility of file system corruption is less because of journaling.
• Maximum individual file size can be from 16 GB to 2 TB
• Overall ext3 file system size can be from 2 TB to 32 TB
• There are three types of journaling available in ext3 file system.
  • Journal – Metadata and content are saved in the journal.
  • Ordered – Only metadata is saved in the journal. Metadata are journaled only after writing the content to disk. This is the default.
  • Writeback – Only metadata is saved in the journal. Metadata might be journaled either before or after the content is written to the disk.
• You can convert a ext2 file system to ext3 file system directly (without backup/restore).

EXT3 File Systems
Is increased from EXT2 EXT3 file system. This increase has several advantages, including:

• After the failure of resources, "unclean shutdown", or damage to the system, EXT2 file system must go through the process of checking with e2fsck program. This process can be a waste of time so that the boot process becomes very long, especially for large disk that contains lots of data. In this process, all data inaccessible.

• Provided by the journal EXT3 cause no longer need to be checked the data after a system failure. EXT3 is only checked if there is damage to hardware such as hard disk damage, but these events are very rare. The time required EXT3 file system after an "unclean shutdown" does not depend on the size of the file system or file number, but depending on the size of the journal used to maintain consistency. Default of the journal takes about a second to recover, depending on the speed of hardware.

• Data integrity  

        EXT3 ensure data integrity after damage or "unclean shutdown".EXT3    lets you choose the type of protection and types of data.

• Speed

        Instead of writing data more than once, EXT3 has a greater throughput than EXT3 EXT2 for maximizing hard disk head movement. We can choose three journal mode to maximize the speed, but data integrity is not assured.

• Easy to do migration

      We can move from EXT2 to EXT3 system without reformatting....